Governance in India is a new component of general studies Paper I of the IAS preliminary examination. In 2011, the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) changed the pattern and syllabus of the Civil Services Preliminary Examination following recommendations made by various committees, commissions, and study groups, such as the Alagh Committee (2000-2001), the Hota Committee (2004), and the Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2005-2009). In the old scheme, the preliminary examination consisted of Paper I general studies (compulsory) and Paper II optional subject. The syllabus of the general studies was as follows: current events; history and the National Movement; geography; Indian polity; Indian economy; mental ability; and general science. In the new scheme also, the examination has two papers, but both are related to general studies and compulsory. In place of the paper called optional subject comes general studies Paper II. The new syllabus of general studies Paper-I is as fo...